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تعلم قواعد الاملاء فى اللغة الانجليزية - English Spelling Rules- full lesson
الخميس أغسطس 16, 2012 11:19 pm
تعلم قواعد الاملاء فى اللغة الانجليزية - English Spelling Rules- full lesson
تعلم قواعد الاملاء فى اللغة الانجليزية - English Spelling Rules- full lesson
Writing (and therefore spelling) is a
representation of the spoken word. The spoken word is not a
representation of writing. Because accents and pronunciation can change
easily and quite quickly, whereas what is written in books and
dictionaries remains "fixed" for years, as well as for various
historical reasons, there is often little correspondence between spoken
English (pronunciation) and written English (spelling).
English spelling therefore often appears to be totally illogical. The
following rules can help you to decode the mysteries of English
spelling. But remember, even the best rules have their exceptions.
Adding -er/est
We make the comparative or superlative forms of short adjectives by adding -er or -est.
Spelling Rule
Just add -er or -est to the end of the adjective, for example:
quick > quicker > quickest
great > greater > greatest
full > fuller > fullest
Exceptions
Adding -ing/-ed
Often we need to add -ing or -ed to a verb to make other forms of the verb, for example:
I was talking when John arrived.
Spelling Rule
Just add -ing or -ed to the end of the base verb:
work > working > worked
play > playing > played
open > opening > opened
Exceptions
Adding -ly
We often make an adverb by adding -ly to an adjective, for example: quick > quickly.
Spelling Rule
Just add -ly to the end of the adjective:
coy > coyly
loud > loudly
beautiful > beautifully
senseless > senselessly
intelligent > intelligently
Exceptions
Of course, there are some exceptions to this rule.
1. When the sound rhymes with "may", the spelling is -ei-:
beige, feint, freight, inveigle, neighbour, sleigh, vein, weigh, weight
2. Here are a few more common exceptions:
either, neither, caffeine, codeine, counterfeit, foreign, forfeit, height, leisure, protein, their, weird, seize, seizure
English and American English Spelling
Here are the principal differences in spelling between English and American English.
تعلم قواعد الاملاء فى اللغة الانجليزية - English Spelling Rules- full lesson
Writing (and therefore spelling) is a
representation of the spoken word. The spoken word is not a
representation of writing. Because accents and pronunciation can change
easily and quite quickly, whereas what is written in books and
dictionaries remains "fixed" for years, as well as for various
historical reasons, there is often little correspondence between spoken
English (pronunciation) and written English (spelling).
English spelling therefore often appears to be totally illogical. The
following rules can help you to decode the mysteries of English
spelling. But remember, even the best rules have their exceptions.
Adding -er/est
We make the comparative or superlative forms of short adjectives by adding -er or -est.
Spelling Rule
Just add -er or -est to the end of the adjective, for example:
quick > quicker > quickest
great > greater > greatest
full > fuller > fullest
Exceptions
Adding -ing/-ed
Often we need to add -ing or -ed to a verb to make other forms of the verb, for example:
I was talking when John arrived.
Spelling Rule
Just add -ing or -ed to the end of the base verb:
work > working > worked
play > playing > played
open > opening > opened
Exceptions
Adding -ly
We often make an adverb by adding -ly to an adjective, for example: quick > quickly.
Spelling Rule
Just add -ly to the end of the adjective:
coy > coyly
loud > loudly
beautiful > beautifully
senseless > senselessly
intelligent > intelligently
Exceptions
Adding -s
We add -s to words for two reasons:
to make plural nouns (boy > boys)
to form the 3rd person singular of the present simple tense (I work > you work > he works)
Spelling Rule
Just add -s to the end of the word, for example:
dog > dogs
play > plays
demand > demands
Exceptions
-ible or -able
Many words end in -ible and -able. Sometimes it is difficult to remember which spelling to use.
The -ible ending is for words of Latin origin. There are about 180
words ending in -ible. No new words are being created with -ible
endings. Here are the most common examples:
The -able ending is for:
some Latin words, for example: dependable
non-Latin words, for example: affordable, renewable, washable
new (modern) words, for example: networkable, windsurfable
Rule of thumb
This rule can help you decide the correct spelling. It works most (but
not all!) of the time. Remember, if you are not sure about a word, it
is probably best to use a dictionary. Here is the rule:
If you remove -able from a word, you are left with a complete word.
If you remove -ible from a word, you are not left with a complete word
(note that accessible, contemptible, digestible, flexible and
suggestible above are among the exceptions to this rule).
-ie- or -ei-
Sometimes it is difficult to remember whether a word is spelled with -ie- or -ei-. There is a very simple rule about this:
I before E
Except after C
We add -s to words for two reasons:
to make plural nouns (boy > boys)
to form the 3rd person singular of the present simple tense (I work > you work > he works)
Spelling Rule
Just add -s to the end of the word, for example:
dog > dogs
play > plays
demand > demands
Exceptions
Many words end in -ible and -able. Sometimes it is difficult to remember which spelling to use.
The -ible ending is for words of Latin origin. There are about 180
words ending in -ible. No new words are being created with -ible
endings. Here are the most common examples:
The -able ending is for:
some Latin words, for example: dependable
non-Latin words, for example: affordable, renewable, washable
new (modern) words, for example: networkable, windsurfable
Rule of thumb
This rule can help you decide the correct spelling. It works most (but
not all!) of the time. Remember, if you are not sure about a word, it
is probably best to use a dictionary. Here is the rule:
If you remove -able from a word, you are left with a complete word.
If you remove -ible from a word, you are not left with a complete word
(note that accessible, contemptible, digestible, flexible and
suggestible above are among the exceptions to this rule).
-ie- or -ei-
Sometimes it is difficult to remember whether a word is spelled with -ie- or -ei-. There is a very simple rule about this:
I before E
Except after C
Of course, there are some exceptions to this rule.
1. When the sound rhymes with "may", the spelling is -ei-:
beige, feint, freight, inveigle, neighbour, sleigh, vein, weigh, weight
2. Here are a few more common exceptions:
either, neither, caffeine, codeine, counterfeit, foreign, forfeit, height, leisure, protein, their, weird, seize, seizure
English and American English Spelling
Here are the principal differences in spelling between English and American English.
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