المصطلحات الادبيه الإنجليزيه Literary Terms

Mss. Suhad the teacher of subject

الأدب الانگليزي

Preparing by student Rabee motar Alkaisi


Salahaddin Bayji Literature

A creative human product of imagination in which language is aesthetically used after purposes of imitation.

Literature is an imitation life human thoughts feeling and action



محاكاة تقليد


Imitate = --- imitative = , imitator =

Creative = good ---creative =

Q – what are the elements of literature ?

Imitation ,language , beauty , stale , thought ,feelingالمشاعر creativityالابداع ,actionالافعال, imagination



Literature

Poetryالشعر
Lyric
Songغنائي
Sonnet14 بيت
Epicملحمي

Drama
Tragedy
Comedy
Tragicomedy
Melodrama
Force
satire

Proseنثر
Novel
Short story
Essay
Criticism
Article




Prose





Fictional nonfictional



Short story


Elitism

Curricles






Rescores


Poet

Allegory
Fable


Myth
Tales

Fairytales ta\\




[Drama أدب مسرحي

Play مسرحية

Play writing كاتب مسرحي

Act فصل

Scene مشهد

Theater ( British ) مسرح

Theater (American) مسرح

Stage منصة

Curtains ستائر


Actorممثل

Actress ممثلة



[center]Audience جمهور مشاهدين

Fairytales قصص

Intention الغرض

Rhyme القافية

Rhythm الإيقاع


Satire الهجاء

Elegy الرثاء

Sonnet مقطوعة شعرية




Poetry



Descriptive poetry
الشعر الوصفي


dramatist poetry

الشعر المسرحي

Lyrical poetry
الشعر الوجداني

Dramatic
Reflective poetry

الشعر التأملي


Narrative poetry
الشعر القصصي


[ Lament نياح

Satire هجاء
Song أغنية


قصيدة

Epic ملحمة



Poem قصيدة

Poet شاعر

Poetess شاعرة

Beowulf epic ملحمة العذب


[center]Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken winged bird
That cannot fly
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow



General meaning:

This poem about dreams ,hope, ambition and their importance in life

Intention:

Life is impossible without hope, dreams and ambition, man can't live without hope, every man should have own his ideas and doesn't live aimlessly or hopeless

Aim-aimless (adj) aimlessness hope-hopeless (adj) hopelessness

Care- careless (adj) carelessness

Detailed meaning :

In the first stanza the poet express the idea that every one that should up his dreams strongly because life without dreams will become just like broken winged bird which cannot fly

In the second stanza the poet repeats the same idea by saying that life without dreams will be like empty field covered with snow.

The repetition this poem:

1. ''hold fast to dreams''

2. ''for if dreams''

3. ''life is''

4. The idea of stanza one is the same as of the idea of stanza two.

''Hold fast to dreams''





The metaphor in this poem is:

1. ''life is a broken winged bird''

2. ''life is a barren field''





Contrast : comparison between two opposite things or idea side-by-sideجنبا الى جنب to make two things clearer



We don’t have contrast in ''Hold fast to dreams''

How old are you
Age is a quality of mind
If you have left your dreams behind
If hope is cold
If you no longer look ahead
If your ambitions fires are dead
Then you are old
But if from your life take the best
And if in life you keep the jest
If love you hold
No matter how the yours go by
No matter how the birthday fly
You are not old

General meaning:

Poem is about the human's age and it's negative and positive aspects



Detailed meaning:

In the first stanza, the poet describes the age of the humans and how it is a quality of mind and thinking .he said, if the human drops his dreams and feels cold to word the future of his life, and also kills his hopes, and if he burns his ambition , then he will be old, aimless , hopeless , and lost himself.

In the second stanza , the poet encourages the human to seek for success in life by taking the best and always having fun and be lovely for all, then you will never pay attention to the dead of the years and you will never feels the flying of the birthdays then you stay young in all your life.

Intention :

The advice for a good life is to go on because the waste of life is to left the dreams, ambitions , hopes , and to kill the jolliness. Belt, the right way for a good life is to patient and work hard to get everything good in life .


The repetition in this poem is:

1. ''if''

2. ''if you''

3. ''no matter how''



Contrast: comparison between two opposite things or idea side-by-side to make two things clearer .

Break , Break , Break
Break , break , break
On thy cold grey stones O Sea!
And I would that my tongue could utter
The thought that arise in me
O well for the fisherman's boy
That he shouts with his sister at play!
O well for the sailor lad,
That he sings in his boat on the bay!
And the stately ships go on
To their haven under the hill
But O for the touch at a vanish'd hand,
And the sound of a voice that is still
Break , break , break
At the foot of thy crags O Sea!
But the tender grace of a day that is dead
Will never come back to me


Break, break, break

General meaning

This poem about the sadness of the poet for losing someone dear to him.



Detailed meaning

In the first stanza, the poet is standing in front of the sea , he asking the waves of the sea in to drops on the cold grey stones of the share ( cost) and at the sometime be wish's that the sad thoughts in sad him could be broken in to word ,

In the second stanza, the poet turns to the share ( cost, beach ) he fees happy when he looks at the fisherman's boy and his sister who are playing and shouting happily

He also feels happy for the singing of the sailor lad , who is standing in his boat happily.

In third stanza, the poet describes how paying attention to the poet nor his sadness then he returns to the sadness inside him, he is very sorry for losing the worm touch and voice of his dear person who is no more there with him now.

In the last stanza, the poet returns to the sea with conviction that the happy old days will never come back again.



Intention:

Life goes on without paying attention to the loss or death of anybody , you have to get through your sadness, and problems by yourself firstly because when you are sad, it's your own problem, nobody cares about you

















The repetition in the this poem is:

1. ''word break''

2. ''break, break, break''

3. ''O sea''



The idea sadness feeling in the first stanza the model of third stanza and in the last stanza.



Contrast: comparison between two opposite things or idea side-by-side to make two things clearer .

We have contrast between the sadness inside the poet and happiness around him





The metaphor in this poem is: he make a comparison between human beings and stones

1. The use of the word ''break'' he use a word which to describe solid things as applied as to water

2.''at the foot of thy crags''





The anaphora in this poem is:

1. ''break, break, break''

2. '' O well for''

3. ''and the''



Contrast: we have contrast between the sadness inside the poet and the happiness around him









1. The first line in the break poem

'' on thy cold grey stones'' is image sight and feeling



2. ''O well for the fisherman's boy'' is images sight and feeling







أقسام الكلامThe figures of speech



التراكيب الأدبية

Literary devices

Sense devices

Sowed devices

Structural devices




1. Repetition:

It is the repetition of ,sound, word, phrase, clause, sentences , stanza or in idea.





The aim behind using repetition:

A .to create a musical tone

B .emphasize the idea

2. Simile:التشبيه

It is a comparison between two different things by using the words ( as or like)

e.g

fair as a star جميلة كالنجمة

she is like a rose

he is like a lion , her beauty, هو يشبه الاسد لان الفعل از جاء فعل رئيسي


Break


3. Metaphor :الاستعارةلانه وصف السائل الماء والماء لايتكسر

It is comparison between two different things without using words (''like''or'' as'')



e.g

she is a rose هي وردة





تكرار الصدارة




4. Anaphora :

It is a repetition of words or phrase at the beginning of the poetic line



5. Images:

The use of words to draw a picture or a sensory experience

The types of images:

1. The images of sight

2. The images of taste

3. The images of hearing

4. The images of feeling

5. The images of smell



The aim of using images:

1. To focus on idea

2. To decorate the poet

3. To arouse the feeling

4. To arouse the imagination





6. Contrastالتناقض اسود وابيض حزن وفرح: comparison between two opposite things or idea side-by-side to make two things clearer .



7.Rhyme :

It is the repetition of the lost sound at the end of the poetic line

Rhyme scheme



8. alliteration :تكرار الصوت الصحيح وليس الحرف انتبه مهم جداً

Is a repetition of the first consonant sound at the beginning of two words or more in the

same poetic line or stanza

e.g.'' the furrow followed free ''

''to their haven under the hill''